Products
Publications
Graves, S.J., R. Chowdhry, M. Zhou, I. Harmon, B. Weinstein, S.K.M. Ernest, A. Zare, E.P. White, S.A. Bohlman. 2025. Facilitating macrosystem biology with organismal‐scale airborne remote sensing: Challenges and opportunities. Functional Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70083
Harmon I., B.G. Weinstein, S.A. Bohlman, E.P. White, D.Z. Wang. 2024. A Neuro-Symbolic Framework for Tree Crown Delineation and Tree Species Classification. Remote Sensing 16:4365 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234365 [Code, Data]
Weinstein, B.G., S. Marconi, A. Zare, S.A. Bohlman, A.Singh, S.J. Graves, L. Magee, D.J. Johnson, S. Record, V.E. Rubio, N.G. Swenson, P. Townsend, T.T. Veblen, R.A. Andrus, E.P. White. 2024. Individual tree crown maps for the National Ecological Observatory Network. PLOS Biology 22:e3002700 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002700 [Data, Code, Website, Preprint]
Graves, S.J., S. Marconi, D. Stewart, I. Harmon, B.G. Weinstein, Y. Kanazawa, V.M. Scholl, M.B. Joseph, J. McClinchy, L. Browne, M.K. Sullivan, S. Estrada-Villegas, E. Tusa, D.Z. Wang, A. Singh, S.A. Bohlman, A. Zare, E.P. White. 2023. Data science competition for cross-site delineation and classification of individual trees from airborne remote sensing data. PeerJ 11:e16578. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16578 [Code, Data, Preprint]
Weinstein, B.G., S. Marconi, S.J. Graves, A. Zare, A. Singh, S.A. Bohlman, L. Magee, D.J. Johnson, P.A. Townsend, and E.P. White. 2023. Capturing long-tailed individual tree diversity using an airborne multi-temporal hierarchical model. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation 9:656-670 https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.335. [Code, Data, Preprint]
Weinstein, B.G., L. Garner, V.R. Saccomanno, A. Steinkraus, A. Ortega, K. Brush, G.M. Yenni, A.E. McKellar, R. Converse, C.D. Lippitt, A. Wegmann, N.D. Holmes, A.J. Edney, T. Hart, M.J. Jessopp, R.H. Clarke, D. Marchowski, H. Senyondo, R. Dotson, E.P. White, P. Frederick, S.K.M. Ernest. 2022. A general deep learning model for bird detection in high‐resolution airborne imagery. Ecological Applications: e2694 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2694 [OA version, Code, Data, Model, Preprint]
Harmon, I., S. Marconi, B.G. Weinstein, S.J. Graves, D.Z. Wang, S.A. Bohlman, A. Zare, A. Singh, and E.P. White. 2022. Injecting Domain Knowledge Into Deep Neural Networks for Tree Crown Delineation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 60:1-19 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3216622 [OA version, Preprint]
Marconi, S., B.G. Weinstein, S. Zou, S.A. Bohlman, A. Zare, A. Singh, D. Stewart, I. Harmon, A. Steinkraus, and E.P. White. 2022. Continental-scale hyperspectral tree species classification in the United States National Ecological Observatory Network. Remote Sensing of Environment 282:113264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113264 [OA, Code, Data]
Stewart D., A. Zare, S. Marconi, B.G. Weinstein, E.P. White, S.J. Graves, S. Bohlman, A. Singh. 2021. Addressing annotation imprecision for tree crown delineation using the RandCrowns index. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 14:11229-11239 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3122345 [OA, Preprint]
Weinstein, B.G., S.J. Graves, S. Marconi, A. Singh, A. Zare, D. Stewart, S.A. Bohlman, E.P. White. 2021. A benchmark dataset for individual tree crown delineation in co-registered airborne RGB, LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery from the National Ecological Observation Network. PLOS Computational Biology 17:e1009180 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009180 [OA, Code, Data (Benchmark), Data (Training), Preprint]
Marconi, S. S.J. Graves, B.G. Weinstein, S. Bohlman, and E.P. White. 2021. Estimating individual level plant traits at scale. Ecological Applications 31:302300 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2300 [OA, Code, Data, Preprint]
Weinstein, B.G., S. Marconi, S. Bohlman, A. Zare, A. Singh, S.J. Graves, E.P. White. 2021. A remote sensing derived data set of 100 million individual tree crowns for the National Ecological Observatory Network. eLife 10:62922 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62922 [OA, Data, Preprint]]
Weinstein, B.G., S. Marconi, M. Aubry-Kientz, G. Vincent, H. Senyondo, E.P. White. 2020. DeepForest: A Python package for RGB deep learning tree crown delineation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 11:1743–1751. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13472 [OA, Code, Preprint]
Weinstein, B.G., S. Marconi, S.A. Bohlman, A. Zare, E.P. White. 2020. Cross-site learning in deep learning RGB tree crown detection. Ecological Informatics 56:101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101061 [OA, Website, Code, Preprint]
Weinstein B., S. Marconi, S. Bohlman, A. Zare, E.P. White. 2019. Individual tree-crown detection in RGB imagery using self-supervised deep learning neural networks. Remote Sensing 11: 1309. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111309 [OA, Code, Preprint]
Marconi, S., S.J. Graves, D. Gong, M. Shahriari Nia, M. Le Bras, B.J. Dorr, P. Fontana, J. Gearhart, C. Greenberg, D.J. Harris, S.A. Kumar, A. Nishant, J. Prarabdh, S.U. Rege, S.A. Bohlman, E.P. White, D.Z. Wang. 2019. A data science challenge for converting airborne remote sensing data into ecological information. PeerJ 6:e5843. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5843 [OA, Website, Preprint].
Websites
Web Visualization of the NEON Crowns data of 100 million individual tree crowns http://visualize.idtrees.org
DeepForest Tree Predictions Demo. http://tree.westus.cloudapp.azure.com/trees/
Software
DeepForest: Python Package for Tree Crown Detection in Airborne RGB imagery. [GitHub, Documentation, Demo Website]